Birmingham
Reception prisons · HMPPS functional group: Reception · Public sector · Midlands
HMP Birmingham is a public sector prison in the Reception group. It sits in the bottom quarter of 31 similar prisons, with a likely position of 20th to 28th. Its official HMPPS rating is "Serious concern". Based on official data to March 2026.
At a glance
| Band among 31 reception prisons | Bottom quarter |
|---|---|
| Likely position |
20th to 28th of 31
Median 23rd. The range is the 5th to 95th percentile over 1,000 re-weightings and measurement uncertainty. |
| Pillars | Safety Bottom quarter Decency Lower middle Regime Lower middle Resettlement Lower middle |
| Official HMPPS rating (context) | Serious concern, score 51.5%
Not an input to our bands. |
The official HMPPS rating was changed by a moderation panel from what its scoring formula alone would have given. Our bands do not use the official rating or its moderation.
The measures behind the bands
Position is where the prison sits among its 31 peers on that measure alone (lower incident rates are better; higher grades and outcomes are better). For incident outcomes the position is after adjusting for who the prison holds.
| Measure | This prison | Group median | Position in group | Data from |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Safety pillar position: Bottom quarter | ||||
| Prisoner-on-prisoner assaults | 413 per 1,000 prisoners expected 373 | 357 | Lower middle | Apr 2025 to Mar 2026 |
| Assaults on staff | 220 per 1,000 prisoners expected 143 | 140 | Bottom quarter | Apr 2025 to Mar 2026 |
| Self-harm incidents | 733 per 1,000 prisoners expected 696 | 686 | Lower middle | Apr 2025 to Mar 2026 |
| HMIP healthy prison test: safety | 2 (not sufficiently good) | 2.0 | Lower middle | Inspected Oct 2025 |
| Prisoner survey: safety and security | 3 | 3.0 | Lower middle | Survey from Jul 2024 |
| Decency pillar position: Lower middle | ||||
| HMIP healthy prison test: respect | 2 (not sufficiently good) | 3.0 | Lower middle | Inspected Oct 2025 |
| Prisoner survey: respect | 3 | 3.0 | Lower middle | Survey from Jul 2024 |
| Regime pillar position: Lower middle | ||||
| HMIP healthy prison test: purposeful activity | 1 (poor) | 1.0 | Lower middle | Inspected Oct 2025 |
| Prisoner survey: purposeful activity | 3 | 3.0 | Lower middle | Survey from Jul 2024 |
| Prisoners in at least half-time purposeful activity | 46% | 46% | Upper middle | 2025/26 |
| Resettlement pillar position: Lower middle | ||||
| Housed on the first night after release | 75% | 74% | Upper middle | 2025/26 |
| In employment six weeks after release | 11% | 16% | Bottom quarter | 2025/26 |
| In employment six months after release | 23% | 26% | Lower middle | 2025/26 |
| HMIP healthy prison test: preparation for release | 2 (not sufficiently good) | 3.0 | Bottom quarter | Inspected Oct 2025 |
Incidents compared with what we would expect
Rates are incidents per 1,000 prisoners over April 2025 to March 2026. The expectation is the average of a statistical model of who the prison holds (sentence length, remand, recalls, age, turnover, crowding) and the average of its HMPPS comparator prisons. Neither includes the prison's own result.
| Outcome | Actual | Model expects | Similar prisons | Expected (used) | Actual ÷ expected | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prisoner-on-prisoner assaults | 413 | 360 | 386 | 373 | 1.11× | About as expected |
| Assaults on staff | 220 | 153 | 133 | 143 | 1.54× | Higher than expected, but within what chance and recording differences could produce |
| Self-harm incidents | 733 | 738 | 656 | 696 | 1.05× | About as expected |
A flag appears only when the result is outside statistical limits and in the same direction under the model, the comparators and their average. It is a prompt to look, not a finding of fault. Counts of one or two incidents are suppressed in the source and estimated here.
Similar prisons
HMPPS names these prisons as the closest comparators, matching on age, sentence length, turnover, sex-offender share, complexity, building age and setting. Rates are per 1,000 prisoners; reoffending is the share of people released in April 2023 to March 2024 who reoffended within a year.
| Prison | Prisoner assaults | Staff assaults | Self-harm | Reoffending | Official rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birmingham (this prison) | 413 | 220 | 733 | 53% | Serious concern |
| Preston | 473 | 64.6 | 836 | 62% | Good |
| Winchester | 494 | 220 | 952 | 48% | Serious concern |
| Lewes | 361 | 104 | 750 | 57% | Good |
| Durham | 392 | 84.6 | 408 | 64% | Good |
| Wormwood Scrubs | 219 | 134 | 286 | 46% | Serious concern |
| Bristol | 452 | 165 | 890 | 58% | Of concern |
| Leeds | 285 | 151 | 681 | 62% | Of concern |
| Thameside | 409 | 140 | 443 | 53% | Of concern |
| Average of similar prisons | 386 | 133 | 656 | 56% |
Who the prison holds
These describe the population, not the prison's performance. They are what the expectations above adjust for. Averages over the four quarter-ends of 2025/26.
| Share of population | This prison | Group median |
|---|---|---|
| Average population | 979 | 904 |
| On remand (untried or convicted, unsentenced) | 70% | 59% |
| Sentence under 12 months | 4% | 8% |
| Sentence 12 months to under 4 years | 4% | 9% |
| Sentence 4 years or more (determinate) | 5% | 6% |
| Life or IPP sentence | 0% | 0% |
| Recalled to custody | 15% | 15% |
| Aged under 25 | 14% | 16% |
| Aged 50 or over | 12% | 13% |
| Releases in the year, per prisoner held | 0.56 | 0.83 |
| Prisoners held in crowded accommodation | 48% | 56% |
Remand is decided by courts and recall by probation and the Parole Board. They are context here, not something a prison controls.
Also shown, not scored
Staff sickness and resignations
Sickness: 14.0 days per full-time employee (HMPPS target 9; median for public prisons in its group 13.3).
Resignation rate: 7.5%.
Position among public-sector prisons in its group: sickness upper middle, resignations highest quarter. Related to quality in our tests, but the direction of cause is unclear, so it is not scored.
Reoffending after release
52.8% of 528 people released in April 2023 to March 2024 reoffended within a year. Expected given who is released and the mix of the prison and its comparators: 56.6%. Result: about as expected.
The Ministry of Justice says rates by releasing prison should not be used to assess prisons: they do not control for sentence or offender characteristics, and the prison of release may not be where the sentence was mainly served. About two years old.
Disorder incidents and finds
| Per 1,000 prisoners, 2025/26 | This prison | Group median |
|---|---|---|
| Incidents at height | 168 | 84.0 |
| Barricades | 7.2 | 15.5 |
| Drug finds | 302 | 338 |
| Weapon finds | 74.6 | 144 |
| Mobile phone finds | 216 | 92.7 |
Not scored. We cannot separate real disorder from differences in how incidents are recorded, and more finds can mean better searching rather than more contraband. Also recorded: 6 releases in error; 1 active concerted indiscipline incident; 1 passive concerted indiscipline incident.
Healthcare (Care Quality Commission)
Provider: Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust.
Latest compliance judgement: no compliance judgement published.
The CQC does not give prison healthcare a graded rating, so this is context only.
How current is this?
| HMIP grades | Inspected Oct 2025 |
|---|---|
| Prisoner survey grades | Survey from Jul 2024 |
| Incident rates and workforce | April 2025 to March 2026 |
| Resettlement outcomes | 2025/26 performance year |
| Reoffending | People released April 2023 to March 2024, followed for a year plus a six-month wait for court outcomes |
| Population mix | Quarter-ends June 2025 to March 2026 |
Sources: data downloads and methodology. Think a figure is wrong? Tell us.